1.
citizenship; civil rights
The rights and legal status of being a citizen, including the right to vote, freedom of expression, and other civil liberties.
市民権を得る。
To obtain citizenship.
市民権の保障は憲法に定められている。
The guarantee of civil rights is established in the constitution.
市民権運動は社会を大きく変えた。
The civil rights movement greatly changed society.
2.
social acceptance; mainstream recognition
Figuratively, the state of being widely accepted or recognized as legitimate in society. Used when something formerly niche gains broad acceptance.
アニメは世界中で市民権を得た。
Anime has gained mainstream acceptance worldwide.
テレワークはコロナ禍を経て市民権を得た。
Remote work gained social acceptance through the COVID pandemic.
かつてはマイナーだった趣味も、SNSの普及で市民権を得つつある。
Hobbies that were once niche are gaining mainstream acceptance with the spread of social media.
Has both a legal/political meaning (citizenship, civil rights) and a common figurative meaning (gaining widespread social acceptance).
COMMON COLLOCATIONS:
- 市民権を得る: to gain citizenship / to gain social acceptance
- 市民権運動: civil rights movement
- 市民権を与える: to grant citizenship
- 市民権を剥奪する: to revoke citizenship
SENSE 2 USAGE:
The figurative sense (市民権を得る = "to gain social acceptance") is extremely common in modern Japanese. It describes the process by which something marginal or unconventional becomes accepted by the mainstream.
FORMATION:
市民 (citizen) + 権 (right, authority)