(つか)

つかむ
godan verb, transitive
to grab, to grasp, to seize
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present(つか)(つか)まない
Present polite(つか)みます(つか)みません
Past(つか)んだ(つか)まなかった
Past polite(つか)みました(つか)みませんでした
て form(つか)んで(つか)まなくて
ている present(つか)んでいる(つか)んでいない
ている polite(つか)んでいます(つか)んでいません
ている past(つか)んでいた(つか)んでいなかった
ている past polite(つか)んでいました(つか)んでいませんでした
Conditional ば(つか)めば(つか)まなければ
Conditional たら(つか)んだら(つか)まなかったら
Volitional(つか)もう
Volitional polite(つか)みましょう
Potential(つか)める(つか)めない
Passive(つか)まれる(つか)まれない
Causative(つか)ませる(つか)ませない
Imperative(つか)(つか)むな
1. to grab, to grasp
To take hold of something firmly.
()(つか)む。
To grab someone's hand.
ロープしっかり(つか)んだ。
I grabbed the rope firmly.
The child grabbed the mother's clothes and wouldn't let go.
2. to seize, to catch
To capture an opportunity or understand something.
チャンス(つか)む。
To seize an opportunity.
要点(ようてん)(つか)む。
To grasp the main points.
After years of effort, I finally achieved success.

(つか)む is a transitive verb meaning to grab or grasp firmly, both physically and figuratively.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Type: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive)
  • Pattern: 〜を(つか)

PHYSICAL GRASPING:

  • ()(つか)む: to grab someone's hand
  • ロープを(つか)む: to grab a rope
  • (えり)(つか)む: to grab by the collar

FIGURATIVE USE:

  • チャンスを(つか)む: to seize an opportunity
  • (こころ)(つか)む: to capture someone's heart
  • 要点(ようてん)(つか)む: to grasp the main point
  • 成功(せいこう)(つか)む: to achieve success

SIMILAR VERBS:

  • (にぎ)る: to grip, hold (sustained holding)
  • ()る: to take (more general)
  • (つか)まえる: to catch, capture (person/animal)

ASPECT (ている):

  • (つか)んでいる: is holding onto / has grasped (resultative state)
  • Note: Like ()つ, (つか)む is a punctual action (the moment of seizing) that yields a state of holding. (つか)んでいる typically describes the resulting state — "is holding onto X" — rather than an ongoing process of grabbing. To describe the moment of grabbing, use the plain past form (つか)んだ.

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