1.
what on earth, what in the world
Used in questions to express surprise, confusion, or emphasis.
2.
one body, whole, unity
A single unified body or entity.
一体 has two distinct uses: as an emphatic adverb in questions, and as a noun meaning unity or oneness.
SENSE 1 — EMPHATIC ADVERB:
Placed before a question word to add emphasis, surprise, or frustration.
- 一体何が: what on earth
- 一体誰が: who in the world
- 一体どこに: where on earth
- 一体なぜ: why in the world
SENSE 2 — NOUN (unity, body):
- 一体となる: to become one, to unite
- 一体感: sense of unity
- 心身一体: unity of mind and body
NOTE:
Do not confuse with 一帯 (an area, a zone), which uses different kanji.