(いったい)

いったい
adverb/noun
what on earth, body, whole
See also: 一帯(いったい) (area, zone (一帯))
1. what on earth, what in the world
Used in questions to express surprise, confusion, or emphasis.
一体(いったい)(なに)()きた
What on earth happened?
Emphatic question
一体(いったい)いくらかかる
How much on earth will it cost?
Who on earth did this?
Why on earth did you do such a thing?
I have no idea what on earth that person is thinking.
2. one body, whole, unity
A single unified body or entity.
心身(しんしん)一体(いったい)なる
Mind and body become one.
Noun usage
The team fought together as one.
I feel like becoming one with nature.
The company and employees worked hard as one.
At this festival, the local people come together as one, and the whole town is full of energy.

一体(いったい) has two distinct uses: as an emphatic adverb in questions, and as a noun meaning unity or oneness.

SENSE 1 — EMPHATIC ADVERB:

Placed before a question word to add emphasis, surprise, or frustration.

  • 一体(いったい)(なに)が: what on earth
  • 一体(いったい)(だれ)が: who in the world
  • 一体(いったい)どこに: where on earth
  • 一体(いったい)なぜ: why in the world

SENSE 2 — NOUN (unity, body):

  • 一体(いったい)となる: to become one, to unite
  • 一体(いったい)(かん): sense of unity
  • 心身(しんしん)一体(いったい): unity of mind and body

NOTE:
Do not confuse with 一帯(いったい) (an area, a zone), which uses different kanji.