1.
what on earth, what in the world
Used in questions to express surprise, confusion, or emphasis.
一体何が起きたの?
What on earth happened?
Emphatic question
一体いくらかかるの?
How much on earth will it cost?
一体誰がこんなことをしたの?
Who on earth did this?
一体なぜそんなことをしたのですか。
Why on earth did you do such a thing?
あの人は一体何を考えているのか、全然分からない。
I have no idea what on earth that person is thinking.
2.
one body, whole, unity
A single unified body or entity.
心身一体となる。
Mind and body become one.
Noun usage
チームが一体となって戦った。
The team fought together as one.
自然と一体になる感じがする。
I feel like becoming one with nature.
会社と社員が一体となって頑張った。
The company and employees worked hard as one.
この祭りでは地域の人々が一体となって、町全体が活気にあふれる。
At this festival, the local people come together as one, and the whole town is full of energy.
一体 has two main uses: as an emphatic question word and as a noun meaning unity/body.
USAGE AS ADVERB:
- 一体 + question word (何、どこ、誰、etc.)
- Adds emphasis or frustration to questions
- "What on earth," "who in the world," etc.
USAGE AS NOUN:
- 一体となる (become one)
- 一体感 (sense of unity)
- 心身一体 (unity of mind and body)