1.
certainly, surely
Used to affirm something with confidence or to acknowledge a valid point.
2.
if I remember correctly
Used when recalling something from memory that one believes to be accurate.
It was from three o'clock, if I remember correctly.
Without に: 確か means 'if I remember correctly.'
確かに is the adverbial form of 確か (certain). It has two main uses.
USAGE 1 - Affirmation:
When used to affirm something with certainty. Often appears at the beginning of a sentence to acknowledge a valid point.
USAGE 2 - Concession:
Acknowledges a point before introducing a contrasting idea (like "certainly...but...").
CONTRAST:
- 確か (without に): "if I remember correctly" - expresses uncertainty
- 確かに: expresses certainty or acknowledgment
SIMILAR WORDS: