1.
one arm
One of a person's two arms. Can refer to the loss or absence of one arm.
2.
right-hand man, trusted assistant
A person's most trusted and capable aide or assistant. The metaphor likens an indispensable helper to one's own arm.
Usage
Sense 1 is the literal meaning (one arm), while sense 2 is the figurative meaning (trusted aide). The figurative sense is very common, especially in business and organizational contexts. The metaphor emphasizes that the person is as essential and closely connected as one's own arm.