1.
therefore, so (polite)
The polite form of だから, used to indicate cause and effect in formal speech.
This bus doesn't go to the station. Therefore, please take another bus.
ですから is a conjunction meaning "therefore" or "so," used in formal speech.
Formality levels
Usage
Placed at the beginning of a sentence to connect a reason (previous sentence) to its result or conclusion.
Can sometimes express mild frustration when emphasizing a point already made. In casual speech, use だから instead.
Common patterns
Related Words
Keigo:
だから (casual form)
Compare:
したがって (therefore (formal/written))
Compare:
そのため (therefore (formal/written))