()

くむ
godan verb
to pour (sake), to serve drinks
See also: () (to draw/scoop water), () (to assemble, cross)
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present()()まない
Present polite()みます()みません
Past()んだ()まなかった
Past polite()みました()みませんでした
て form()んで()まなくて
ている present()んでいる()んでいない
ている polite()んでいます()んでいません
ている past()んでいた()んでいなかった
ている past polite()んでいました()んでいませんでした
Conditional ば()めば()まなければ
Conditional たら()んだら()まなかったら
Volitional()もう
Volitional polite()みましょう
Potential()める()めない
Passive()まれる()まれない
Causative()ませる()ませない
Imperative()()むな
1. to pour, to serve sake
To fill a cup with sake or other alcoholic beverages.
(さけ)()む。
To pour sake.
I poured sake for my boss.
While exchanging drinks with a friend, we talked about old times.
2. to consider, to take into account
To give consideration to circumstances.
To take the circumstances into account.
I want you to consider the other person's feelings.
Let's consider his position and give him a little more time.

()む means to pour sake or alcoholic drinks for someone, and figuratively to consider someone's feelings.

TRANSITIVITY:

  • Type: 他動詞(たどうし) (transitive)

MEANINGS:
1. To pour sake: お(さけ)()
2. To consider/take into account: 事情(じじょう)()む (to consider circumstances)

HOMOPHONE DISTINCTION:

  • ()む: to pour sake
  • ()む: to draw/scoop water
  • ()む: to assemble, to cross (arms/legs)

RELATED EXPRESSIONS:

  • (しゃく)をする: to pour drinks (for someone)
  • 晩酌(ばんしゃく): evening drink
  • (しゃく): pouring drinks (polite)

CULTURE:
Pouring drinks for others ((しゃく)をする) is an important social custom in Japan, showing respect and building relationships.