練り上げる
ねりあげる
verb (ichidan, transitive)
to polish up; to refine; to perfect
他動詞 transitiveaction
Conjugation
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 練り上げる | 練り上げない |
| Present polite | 練り上げます | 練り上げません |
| Past | 練り上げた | 練り上げなかった |
| Past polite | 練り上げました | 練り上げませんでした |
| て form | 練り上げて | 練り上げなくて |
| ている present | 練り上げている | 練り上げていない |
| ている polite | 練り上げています | 練り上げていません |
| ている past | 練り上げていた | 練り上げていなかった |
| ている past polite | 練り上げていました | 練り上げていませんでした |
| Conditional ば | 練り上げれば | 練り上げなければ |
| Conditional たら | 練り上げたら | 練り上げなかったら |
| Volitional | 練り上げよう | — |
| Volitional polite | 練り上げましょう | — |
| Potential | 練り上げられる | 練り上げられない |
| Passive | 練り上げられる | 練り上げられない |
| Causative | 練り上げさせる | 練り上げさせない |
| Imperative | 練り上げろ | 練り上げるな |
1.
to knead thoroughly
To work dough or similar material until it reaches the desired consistency.
2.
to polish up; to refine; to perfect
To carefully develop and improve something through repeated effort.
Forms
Compound verb: 練る (to knead, to work over) + 上げる (to carry through to completion). The ~上げる half is what adds the sense that the work has been taken all the way to a finished state, not merely begun.
Usage
- 戦略を練り上げる (to refine a strategy)
- 脚本を練り上げる (to polish a script)
- アイデアを練り上げる (to develop an idea)
- 生地を練り上げる (to knead dough thoroughly)
The two senses
Sense 1 is the literal one — physically working dough, clay, or bean paste until its texture is right. Sense 2 is the same action applied to a plan, a text, or a strategy, and is the more common use in everyday writing. Both share the image of prolonged, repeated working; the object tells you which sense is meant.
Similar words
- 練る alone describes the working itself with no implication that it is finished — 計画を練る is working on a plan, while 練り上げる says it came out fully formed.
- 仕上げる is the general verb for finishing something off; it says nothing about the repeated kneading-over that 練り上げる implies.
- 磨く polishes a surface or a skill, not a plan or a dough.
Related Words
Related:
上げる (completion auxiliary in ~上げる)
Synonym:
仕上げる (to finish, to complete)
Related:
磨く (to polish (a surface or skill))