苦(にが)い

にがい
i-adjective
bitter
descriptivefood
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present苦(にが)い苦(にが)くない
Past苦(にが)かった苦(にが)くなかった
て form苦(にが)くて苦(にが)くなくて
Adverbial苦(にが)く—
Conditional ば苦(にが)ければ苦(にが)くなければ
Conditional たら苦(にが)かったら苦(にが)くなかったら
1. bitter (taste)
Describes a sharp, unpleasant taste like coffee, certain vegetables, or medicine.
このコーヒーは苦(にが)い。
This coffee is bitter.
This medicine is bitter and hard to take.
Matcha is a bit bitter.
I like the bitterness of beer.
このピーマンは苦(にが)い。
This bell pepper is bitter.
2. bitter, painful (experience)
Figuratively describes an unpleasant or painful experience or memory.
I learned from a bitter experience.
Figurative usage
He made a sour face.
Idiomatic expression
苦(にが)い思(おも)い出(で)がある。
I have bitter memories.
苦(にが)い失敗(しっぱい)をした。
I had a bitter failure.
I recalled a painful past.

Used of a sharp, unpleasant taste — コーヒー, 薬(くすり), strong green vegetables. Most of its non-food use is figurative, describing experiences and memories one would rather not have had.

Forms

  • 苦(にが)さ — bitterness as a quality or degree
  • 苦(にが)み — a bitter taste, or the bitter element in a food or drink

Common expressions

Related words

Taste adjectives: 苦(にが)い (bitter), 甘(あま)い (sweet), 辛(から)い (spicy, hot), 酸(す)っぱい (sour), 塩辛(しおから)い (salty).

Watch out

The same kanji is read 苦(くる)しい (painful, hard to bear) and 苦(く) in 苦労(くろう) (hardship). 苦手(にがて) (poor at, dislike) keeps the にが reading.