拒(こば)む

こばむ
verb (godan)
to refuse; to reject; to resist
他動詞 transitiveformalliteraryaction
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present拒(こば)む拒(こば)まない
Present polite拒(こば)みます拒(こば)みません
Past拒(こば)んだ拒(こば)まなかった
Past polite拒(こば)みました拒(こば)みませんでした
て form拒(こば)んで拒(こば)まなくて
ている present拒(こば)んでいる拒(こば)んでいない
ている polite拒(こば)んでいます拒(こば)んでいません
ている past拒(こば)んでいた拒(こば)んでいなかった
ている past polite拒(こば)んでいました拒(こば)んでいませんでした
Conditional ば拒(こば)めば拒(こば)まなければ
Conditional たら拒(こば)んだら拒(こば)まなかったら
Volitional拒(こば)もう—
Volitional polite拒(こば)みましょう—
Potential拒(こば)める拒(こば)めない
Passive拒(こば)まれる拒(こば)まれない
Causative拒(こば)ませる拒(こば)ませない
Imperative拒(こば)め拒(こば)むな
1. to refuse; to decline
To firmly say no to a request or offer.
She refused the offer.
There's no reason to refuse cooperation.
I asked my father many times, but he stubbornly kept refusing until the end.
2. to reject; to turn away
To not accept or not allow something.
入国(にゅうこく)を拒(こば)まれた。
I was denied entry into the country.
The review committee rejected his application, citing incomplete documents.
3. to resist; to block
To stand against or prevent something from happening.
My body is resisting change.
The residents blocked the development plan.
For many years, the local people have united to resist the construction of a large shopping mall.

拒(こば)む is a transitive verb (他動詞(たどうし)). There is no common intransitive pair.

ASPECT (ている):
拒(こば)んでいる indicates a continuing state of refusal or rejection.

Common patterns

Similar words

  • 拒(こば)む is more formal and literary, implying firm rejection
  • 断(ことわ)る is more common in everyday speech and can be polite refusal
  • 拒(こば)む often implies resistance or stubborn refusal

Related words