(こば)

こばむ
verb (godan)
to refuse; to reject; to resist
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present(こば)(こば)まない
Present polite(こば)みます(こば)みません
Past(こば)んだ(こば)まなかった
Past polite(こば)みました(こば)みませんでした
て form(こば)んで(こば)まなくて
ている present(こば)んでいる(こば)んでいない
ている polite(こば)んでいます(こば)んでいません
ている past(こば)んでいた(こば)んでいなかった
ている past polite(こば)んでいました(こば)んでいませんでした
Conditional ば(こば)めば(こば)まなければ
Conditional たら(こば)んだら(こば)まなかったら
Volitional(こば)もう
Volitional polite(こば)みましょう
Potential(こば)める(こば)めない
Passive(こば)まれる(こば)まれない
Causative(こば)ませる(こば)ませない
Imperative(こば)(こば)むな
1. to refuse; to decline
To firmly say no to a request or offer.
She refused the offer.
There's no reason to refuse cooperation.
I asked my father many times, but he stubbornly kept refusing until the end.
2. to reject; to turn away
To not accept or not allow something.
入国(にゅうこく)(こば)まれた。
I was denied entry into the country.
That shop turns away minors.
The review committee rejected his application, citing incomplete documents.
3. to resist; to block
To stand against or prevent something from happening.
(からだ)変化(へんか)(こば)んでいる。
My body is resisting change.
The residents blocked the development plan.
For many years, the local people have united to resist the construction of a large shopping mall.

(こば)む is a transitive verb (他動詞(たどうし)). There is no common intransitive pair.

ASPECT ({ている}):
(こば)んでいる indicates a continuing state of refusal or rejection.

COMMON PATTERNS:

(こば)む VS (ことわ):

  • (こば)む is more formal and literary, implying firm rejection
  • (ことわ)る is more common in everyday speech and can be polite refusal
  • (こば)む often implies resistance or stubborn refusal

RELATED WORDS: