(した)

した
noun
below, under
1. below, under, underneath
The position lower than something else or the lower surface of something.
The cat is under the chair.
Please look down.
The book is under the desk.
There is a river under the bridge.
I didn't have an umbrella, so I waited under a tree for the rain to stop.
2. younger, subordinate
Can indicate someone younger or lower in status.
My younger brother is two years younger.
My younger sister is three years younger than me.
She is one year younger than me.
There are three people below me who joined recently.

(した) indicates a position below something, or can refer to being younger or lower in rank/status.

COMMON PATTERNS:

  • 〜の(した)に: under ~, below ~
  • 〜の(した)で: under (authority/supervision of)
  • 年下(としした): younger person

COMMON COMPOUNDS:

  • 地下(ちか): underground, basement
  • 下着(したぎ): underwear
  • (した)(): unskillful, poor at
  • 目下(めした): subordinate, junior

CONTRAST:

  • (した): below, under (opposite: (うえ))
  • (しも): downstream, lower part (in compounds)

USAGE FOR AGE:
〜つ(した) indicates how many years younger: (さん)(した) = three years younger.