硬(かた)い

かたい
i-adjective
hard, stiff
descriptive
See also: 固(かた)い (firm, solid (固)), 堅(かた)い (firm, reliable (堅))
Conjugation
AffirmativeNegative
Present硬(かた)い硬(かた)くない
Past硬(かた)かった硬(かた)くなかった
て form硬(かた)くて硬(かた)くなくて
Adverbial硬(かた)く—
Conditional ば硬(かた)ければ硬(かた)くなければ
Conditional たら硬(かた)かったら硬(かた)くなかったら
1. hard, firm
Physically hard or solid, not soft. Used for objects that don't yield to pressure.
この石(いし)は硬(かた)い。
This stone is hard.
このパンは硬(かた)いですね。
This bread is hard, isn't it?
硬(かた)い床(ゆか)で寝(ね)た。
I slept on a hard floor.
この肉(にく)は硬(かた)い。
This meat is tough.
硬(かた)い殻(から)を割(わ)る。
To crack a hard shell.
2. stiff, rigid
Not flexible or loose. Can describe muscles, movements, or attitudes.
肩(かた)が硬(かた)くなっている。
My shoulders have become stiff.
Because I was sitting for a long time, my body has become stiff. I need to stretch.
表情(ひょうじょう)が硬(かた)い。
Your expression is stiff.
動(うご)きが硬(かた)い。
The movements are stiff.
I got tense and my body became stiff.
3. formal, strict
When describing people or situations, means overly formal or uptight.
Please relax; don't be so tense.
Figurative usage
硬(かた)い話(はなし)はやめよう。
Let's stop with the formal talk.
硬(かた)い文章(ぶんしょう)だ。
It's a formal piece of writing.
That person is inflexible/stubborn.
Let's abandon rigid thinking.

硬(かた)い is an i-adjective meaning hard, stiff, or rigid.

Writing

  • 硬(かた)い: physically hard (stone, meat)
  • 堅(かた)い: firm, solid, reliable (hard wood; a person, a plan)
  • 固(かた)い: tight, set, firm (knot, lid, resolve)

The spellings overlap in practice, especially for food.

Common collocations

Related words